This is a window in a wall that has not been clad with the exterior brick. It's important to note the order of installation. After the weatherproofing goes up the windows are installed to maintain the air and water tightness. The frame of the window is make up of the horizontal members which are the jambs, the vertical at the top is the head and on the bottom is the sill. The frame that hold the panes of glass is made up the stiles (verticals) and the railes (horizontal) members. The intermediate pieces are called the mullions.
This is an example of an awning window: as seen only the bottom portions open up, these windows are good for rain, they direct it down and away from the building.
This is a gable end that is not covered brick. We can see the finished soffit on the left and into the interior of the soffit on the right. We can see the rafters coming out from the roof. The side of the eave (horizontal edge of the roof) we see is the fascia. We can also see the flashing that is sitting atop of the rake (sloping edge of the roof), flashing is used as a water barrier. On top of the roof we can see the sheathing and on top of that the felt paper and shingles.
A bag of portland cement, a component of mortar and plaster.